
This paper proposes a transformative framework for Indigenous workforce participation in Australia's extractive industries, grounded in UNDRIP and recognizing First Nations Australians as "Rights Holders" rather than stakeholders. The model embeds Indigenous employment across all mining phases—exploration through post-closure—with culturally responsive workforce design at each stage. It emphasizes "participation over pay-out," moving beyond royalty payments toward co-created economic opportunities and shared governance through Community Development Agreements. The approach integrates Indigenous knowledge systems with technical training, Indigenous businesses into supply chains, and Traditional Owner priorities into closure planning. This transforms mining from extraction to regenerative partnership, strengthening Social License while creating sustainable Indigenous economic development aligned with cultural governance.
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